Yes and no.

Modern compound bows, designed for target shooting from a fixed distance. are large, heavy and too bulky to be used easily from concealment. They would also require considerable modification to become powerful enough to inflict injury at range - they aren't built for that.

A hunting crossbow is a better candidate, but even then is slower and has less range than an assault rifle.

I leave out longbows and composite bows as both are uncommon nowadays and not easy to obtain.

Arrows lose velocity far more quickly than bullets, and drop more quickly. They can be stopped or deflected by lighter cover than bullets, and unless barbed, do less damage and are more easily removed from wounds.

Finally, even the most skilled archer could not match the AR-15s capacity to empty a 50-round magazine in a matter of seconds.