“Violence, naked force, has settled more issues in history than has any other factor, and the contrary opinion is wishful thinking at its worst." (Robert A Heinlein)

In the first place, Mangiones' act (if it was him) was not vigilantism. Vigilantism is when an ordinary citizen or citizens take it upon themselves to hunt down criminals who have evaded, or been ignored by, official law enforcement. The Lone Ranger, the Batman and Spider-Man are vigilantes.

In fictional terms, Mangione is more in the tradition of Zorro or V for Vendetta, or historically, Gavrilo Princip. His act was one of political and social protest. It is closer to terrorism than vigilantism.

Hstorically, civil disobedience would not have worked in pre-Revolutionary France. It tends not to when the bosses have whips and no compunction about using them.

When the issues and problems are as deep as they are in the US - so deep that much if not all of the current structure must be uprooted and replaced - there is no orderly option. Meaningful change requires a period of chaos. You can't clean something unless some peple are willing to get their hands dirty, and you will not change America without bloodshed. Civil disobedience will only trigger violence