I think, intentionally or not, you've touched a key point here As a military man, you have a grasp of the problems and potential solutions. But only because the American style of policing is paramilitary. American police forces, especially in cities, grew out of local militias and it shows.

When Sir Robert Peel set up the Metropolitan Police, he deliberately avoided any kind of militarism, because the greatest fear of civilians was that the local government would utilise the Yeomanry (equivalent to your National Guard) to impose order. Hence non-military ranks such as Constable, Inspector, Superintendent and so on, a uniform based on civilian rather than military cuts, and reliance on a truncheon and whistle rather than a gun. The decline in trust in the police has gone hand-in-hand with an increased militarisation brought about by decades of Conservative governments led by 51st Staters who wish to slavishly follow American customs.

I would suggest, alongside your excellent ideas, a 'civilianisation' of police organisation and methods in the US.